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三、否定式与疑问式
1. 否定式:there be结构的否定式通常应将否定词置于动词be之后。如:
There is not any bread left. 没有一点面包了。
There isn't anything I can do for you. 我帮不了你什么忙。
若谓语中包括有助动词或情态动词,通常将否定词置于助动词与情态动词之后。如:
There can't be so many mistakes. 不可能有那么多错误。
There shouldn't be any doubt about it. 对此不应有什么怀疑。
There haven't been any parties in weeks. 好几个礼拜没开过晚会了。
2. 疑问式:there be结构的疑问式通常应将否定词置于动词be之后。如:
Is there any good film on? 映什么好电影吗?
Is there room for me in the car? 车子里还有我坐的地方吗?
Are there any letters for me? 有我的信吗?
若谓语中包括有助动词或情态动词,通常将助动词或情态动词移至句首构成疑问式。如:
Has there been an accident? 出事了吗?
Have there been any new developments? 有什么新的发展吗?
Can there have been so much rain there?那儿会下过那么多雨吗?
四、there be的非谓语形式
there be结构的非谓语形式有两种,即there being和there to be。
1. there being结构:该结构在句子中主要用作状语。如:
There being nothing to do, I went to bed. 因为没事可做,所以我就上床睡觉了。
There being no taxi available, he had to walk home. 由于没有计程车可搭,他只好步行回家。
这类结构有时可与状语从句转换,如上面两句也可作如下改写:
As there was nothing to do, I went to bed.
As there was no taxi available, he had to walk home.
另外,there being结构还可用作介词宾语。如:
What's the chance of there being an election this year? 今年举行选举的可能性有多大?
No one would have dreamed of there being such a good place. 没有人会梦想到竟有这样一个地方。
2. there to be 结构:主要用作动词宾语。可接该结构可用作动词的动词不多,常见的like, prefer, hate, want, mean, intend, expect, consider 等。如:
I don't want there to be any more trouble. 我不想再有任何麻烦了。
Students hate there to be too much homework. 学生讨厌做太多的家庭作业。
We expect there to be more discussion about this. 我们期望能对此展开更多的讨论。
注意,在let there be结构中,动词be不带to。如:
Let there be no mistake about it. 不要误解我的意思。
Let there be no mistake about it. 这事不要出错。
另外,there to be 结构还可用作介词for的宾语。注意了,用作介词宾语一般用there being,但用作介词for的宾语时,却要用there to be。比较:
It was too late for there to be any buses. 太晚了,不会有公共汽车了。
They asked for there to be another meeting. 他们要求再开一次会议。
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